Flying machine



Feb. 17, 1925. 1,526,657

H. BEA

FLYING MACHINE Fil-6d 11S- 24. 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 H. BEA

FLYING MACHINE Filed Aug. 24, 1923 Feb. 17, 1925.

Feb. 17. 1925.

H. BEA

twine ummm um Aug. 24. 192s 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 17. 1925. l 1,526,657

H. BEA

FLYING MACHINE Filed Aus- 24. 1923 'l sheets-sheet 4.

Mmm

Feb. 17, 1925. 1,526,557

H. BEA

l FLYING MACHINE Filed All@ 24. 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 'H. BEA

FLYING, MACHINE File@ Aug. 24, 1923 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Feb. 17, 1925. 1,526,657

H. BEA

FLYING MACHINE Filed Aus 24, 192s '7 sheets-sheet 7 Patented Feb, i?, i925...

UNITED STATES PATENT oEElcE,

`l` i HENRY BEA, OIE EILLSI-EDE, ,NEW JERSEY.

FLYING MACHINE.

Application mea Agut 211, 1923. serial No. 659,019.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY BEA, a citlzen of the United States, residing at- Hillside,

a part of this specification. i

This invention relates, generally, to -improvements in liying machines; and, the present invention has reference, more'par-V ticularly to anovel construction of lylng machine of the heavir-than-air type, with a view,primarily, of permitting theoperator, in a manner to be presently' more fully set forth,'to control the working parts for l raising 'and lowering, and for properly guiding the machine in the desi-red direc c 28 tions, and for maintaining it in equilibrium and allowing easy landing without shock or ar. v J Theinvention consists, primarily, in the novel flying machine of helicopter type here-v inafter more fully set forth; and the inven- 4 tion consists, furthermore, in the general arrangementsand combinations of the various devices and parts, as wel as in the details of the construction oft e said parts, all of Awhich will be described in the following specification, and then nally embodied inthe clausesof the claims, which are appended to and form an essential. part of the said specification. A practical embodimentV of the invention is represented in the' accompanying drawings, in the several figures o which similarl characters of reference are employed, to indicate corresponding parts. y v

From a general inspection of the several figures of the accompanying drawings,it

will' be noted that 'the flying machine which 'embodies the principles of the. lI'Jresent invention, is constructed out of what to all intentsgand purposes may be two single or separate units which have al disconnected re-v 'f lation to-each other, except that the lowerv unit, as will be seen from the drawings, oonssts of a hemispherical or other 'suitabl formed' basket-like construction inv whic the aviator isadaptcd to be seated, and which ,isfattached to the upper unit by means of flexible strands of aeroplane wire, or the like, so as to be properly suspended beneath and from said up er unit, and that it .will have a swinging re ation to said upper unit. Heretofore all flying machines of the helicopter type have been made as a single construction and have been found to be so gyroscopic as to be non-steerable.

-It will be evident, and it will necessarily be understood, that Lin order' to steer a` gy? roscopic helicopter it is necessary to shift the axis of rotation, and this has been here- '.,tofore impossible, as there has been nothing to act upon, as might be stated, as a fulcrum. With the general arrangements and constructions the several devices land parts comprising the novel flying machine of the present invention, this objection has been 'overcome by the simple expedient of using the weight of the aviator as a, fulcrum in a manner as will hereinafter be more fully i' described.

The various details of the construction, outside of those directly connected with the above statedl operation, consists, generally,

in an arrangement of two Vaeroplane-motorsxpreferably of V-shape type, which are molinted upon a rotating arm, and above which 'is another arm, suitably geared up to the motors, and each arm having at its opposite ends suitable liftingA blades, all being arranged so as to rotate in opposite directions about a common central axis. Fur- 7thermore, the usual diiiculty encountered by s having to locate the gasoline tank to one side or ofi' center is also eliminated by constructing the' tank in such a manner that it will'enclrcle the centra-l and vertically disposed shaft vof' the mechanism, sufficient space being left between the Yencirclin portion of the tank and the shaft in or( er to insure safety from friction.

In order that the` method of steering may be more readily understood, attention is called to the picture, Figure 2 of the drawings,showing the machine in flight out 'of a m'arsh. From this picture it will be seen the machine is hanging substantially plumb,

- and thatfthe other part of the machine is also plumb, with respect to the ground. If the aviator should pull upon the central shaft, that he is pictured holding onto, he will momentarily throw himself out of plumb, which will Ialso'throw all the basket-like element out of plumb. The amount of a pull -or push upon the vsaid central shaft by the aviator, will determine the extent he willbe out of plumb at the end of 4said pull or push, and should he let go, immediately because of his weight, he will swing.. plumio again; but, should he retain his position, or in other words for the time being automatically mak;

ing. the two units of the machine one by means of his rigidity, he will nevertheless be acted upon by grazvity, and will therefore resame, a plumb position with respect to the earth while the upper unit Aof the machine will assume an angle of rotation out of the perpendicular, as much yas he, the aviator,

desired. If hewishes to bring the axis of4 rotation back to the perpendicular, all that is necessary is for the aviator to force himself over toward what would be to him the side of the angle, whereby as will be evident, the upper and lowenunits of the machine will again resume their vertically plumb relation.

Other novel features of the present inven tion which are especially noteworthy are as connections between the two units .permit a gradual settling down of the upper unit when making a landing, and a gradual pulling up of the lower unit upon starting.

the aviator always faces the direction in which he is flying, and instead of a tail, as employed on -aeroplanes, the device functions more 1n' the manner, of a weathervane tail,

with the feet of the aviator acting, so to speak, as the head of the vane-arrow.

` Another interesting feature is the ability to control the motor and the gasoline, by running the controls through' the central shaft.

It will `also be noted that the fiying machine will have the ability to hover, not exactly becoming station-ary, but 'to become practically motionless or stationary in the air, except` for thehorizontal rotation of the blade-carrying arms and their blades.

The principal object of the present invention therefore is to provide a flying machine of the general character hereinafter more particularly described, and in which the several purposes hereinbefore mentioned are carried out.

Other objects of the presentinvention not at this time more particularly Yenumerated will be evident from the following description of the said invention.

In the said drawings, Figure 1 represents a frontfelevation of a flying machine embodying the principles of the present invention, showing the machine at rest within a hangar, thelatter being represented 1n section; Figure 2 is a View of the machine 1n its upward flight from a swamp; and Figure 3 is apl'an view of the flying machine in flight.

Figure' 4 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, looking in the direction of the arrow m in said Figure 1, said view being made on an enlarged scale; and Figure 'is a vertical sectional representation of the vunits and theirpartsrepiesented in Figure 4, said section being taken on line 5-5 in said Figure 4.

Figure 6 is vadetail sectional representation of a handle for actuating the motorcontrol; and Figure 7 is a detail horizontal sectional representation, taken on line 7-7 i-n Figure 4.

'Figure 8 is a detail sectionaln representation of one of the flying blades, said view also showing in perspective fragmentary portions of the said blade; andFigures 9 and 10 are similar views of modified forms of flying blades.

Figure 11 is an elevation'bf the lower basliet-like unit provided with a pneumatic castations, showing diagrammatically, a series i of the various flying operations of which the flying machine is capable. i

Similar characters of reference are emp loyed in all of thesaid above described vlews, to indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to the several figure'sof the i drawings, the reference characters A and B Another important feature is the fact that indicate in general an arrangement of an upper lifting and flying unit, and a cage oi;

basket-like lower unit fiexibly suspended from said upper unit, all showing one embodiment of the principlesof the present invention.

1 The said upper unit, as will be seen more particularly from an inspection of Figures 1, 2, v3, 4 and 5 of the drawings, comprises a suitably constructed framework, as 1, which is formed with a centrally 'disposed open part, as 2, said framework being further provided with oppositely extending extensions or platforms 3, upon which are suitably mounted aeroplane motors 4 of any desired and suitable type.

'The said motors are Aprovided 'with the 10. Suitably ysecured upon the said upper open portion of the carrier-element 8, by means of bolts or rivets 11, or in any other suitable manner, is a hub-shaped bearing l element 12. formed with a suitable seat, as

13, upon which Ais suitably mounted a ballbearing race, as 14.

therewith', as vwill befully evident.

Suitably and rotatably connected with 'the said ball-race`14, and extending in an upward direction therefrom is a tubularelement 15 provided at or near its upper endportion with an annular flange 16, or similar means, to which are suitably secured by means of bolts or rivets 17 or in any othersuitable manner, oppositelyextending arms or carrier-members 18 to the free end-portions 'of which are suitablyy secured, angularly disposed Iiying blades 19. Suitably connected with" and extending upwardly from the said bearing-element 12 and into and through the said tubular element 15, so as'to be concentric therewith, is av vertical stem 20 having an upper screw-threaded endportion 21 upon 4which are suitably mounted themembers 22V and '23 of a ballbearing, as clearly indicated in Figure .5 of the drawings.. At its-lower end-portion, the said tubular element 15 is provided with a suitably formed bevel or ring-gear 24, the teeth of which are in operative mesh /with the previously mentioned pinions ,6,

so as to produce .the desi'redrotary moverments of the tubular member 15 and the arms 18 and flying blades 19 eonnectd s shown, the platforms 3 are provided with extensions, as 25, each extension carrying a blade126. From an inspection of the devices and parts, as more particularly illustrated 'in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings,

it will be seen that whilethe arms or earrier-members 18 and theirl blades 19 are adapted to rotate about the stem 2O 'i as a center, the plate-frame 3, with their extensions 25 and blades 26 at all times have la lixed stationary relation with said nonrotatable stem 20. Also suitably mounted upon said platorms'S are "brackets 27, or

other ,suitable supports, which 'carry a ring-shaped member 28, or the like, vin which is mounted a suitably constructed tank 29, providing a reservoir for supplying in .any suitable and usual manner, gaso.- line to the engines4.

This tank 29, as will be seenfrom said Figure 5, is made witha centrally disposed .tubular member 30 which encircles the f rotatable tubular stem or'element 15, leaving sparks between the parts, which .might .shaped cause an explosion of the fuel-mixture as it is being conducted to the cylinders of the engines.

'The previously mentioned hub-shaped bearingelement 12 in its lower side is made with `an internally screw-threaded receivingv socket 33 into which is screwed a screwthreaded stud 35 extending from an end of a member or element 34. This member or element 34 whichA is usually in the form of a casting, which extends downwardly through thepreviously mentioned opening 10 into the chambered or hollow portion of the coneshaped member 8, is formed with a socketed receiving portion,.as 3 6, and a pair of arciding ducts 37, which lead from said soc eted receiving portion 36 to the opposite sides 'of the said member or element 34, substantially as shown in saidv Figure 5 of the drawings: The said member .orelement34 is also made with an; annular seat, as 38, upon which are maintained by means of a ball-race providin ring 40 suitable a control lever or bar, as 43, provided along one of the edges .with a rack, iis-44, with which is adapted to be brought into retaining engagementl the rack-engaging member 46 of a spring-arm 45 which is suitably secured to and extends in a downward direction from the said member or element 34.

Aro-shaped links, as 47, are pivotally connected with said upper end-portion of the control-lever or bar 43, as at 48, said links being movably disposed in the previously v'mentioned aro-shaped guiding ducts 37 and having attached to their ends which project upon the said ducts 37, suitable control-connections in the form of rods, as 49 or the like, for starting and stopping, and otherwise controlling the .operations of the engines. 4. Upon 1ts lower end-portion 50, the said lever or bar 43 has rotatably mounted thereon a handle 51' for graspin purposes, the said handle being suitably eld in its.,

operative position upon the end-portion of v.

the lever or bar 43, by means of the off-set 52 and socketed portion 53, and the ballbearing 54 and nut 55 screwed upon they screw-threaded stud l56 of the said lower end-portion 50, substantially as shown in Figure 6 of the drawings. Extending from the handle or grasping member 51 isa sector 57 having-an eye-portion 58 forvthe reception of a pivot-pin 59. Pivotally'conn ected with Said pin is an arm or lever 60 provided studs 64 which extend into and are mov-v 'ably disposed in an annular groove 66 of a A sleeve or collar 65 mounted upon the previously mentloned control-lever or bar 43.

Froml an inspection of Figure 5 it will beevident, that as the handle 61 is raised, thel fork 62 is moved in a downward directibn, thus correspondingly moving the controllever or bar 43,\and with it the links 47 in a downward direction. .This movement, by means of the said links, is communicated to the rods 49, so as to open the throttles ofthe engines, as will be evident. A movement of the handle 61 in the opposite direction will caus a 'reverse movement^of4 the several mem ers, so that therods 49 aremoved in opposite directions, to entirely close the' engine-throttles, or to otherwise control the movement of the said throttles, in order to accordingly regulate the fuel-supply to the engine or engines 4, as will be fully understood. ,l t

The lower' unit B hereinafter mentioned, as will be seen from an inspection of the severalfigures of the drawings, in the present instance comprises an arrangement of ring-shaped members, as 66 and 67 which areisu-itably connected by means of stay-rods 68, or' other suitable frame-like construction, and to one of which rods 68, is suitably secured in a fixed position a vane 69. Suitably connected 4with the several rods 68 are guyrods 70 which carry a lseat 71 for the seat--v ing thereon of the pilot or operator of the flying machine.. Suitably attached to the said. ring-shaped member 66 are'the previl ously mentioned flexible connections 42, in

the form of chains or the`like, which are also attached to the previously mentioned e es 41 of the ring 40 ofthe upper unit A.

hus it will be seen that a basket-like element or cage for the pilot has been'produced, which is flexibly suspended from the upper unit A, and i`n\ which,y the vane `69, whileflying, will act in the manner of the usual weather-vane, so that the operator will always beproperlyseated and will face in the `flying direction of themachine EX- tending'across the ring-shaped member 67, inproper location, is a `tie-rod 72, adapted to serve as a foot-rest for the pilot, and as a brace for the pilot when pullingor pushing upon the control-leveror bar 43, when itis desired that the'flying machine shall move in various directions, .such as are indicated in Figures 12 and 14 of the drawings.'

For alighting and floating upon a body of water,A the basket or cage just described,

'may be provided with a pneumatic and preferably ring-shaped vfloat 74 of any desired construction, as will be evident from an inspection of Figure 11 of the drawings.

Referring now to Figure 8 .of the drawings, there is shown therein the simplest and preferred form of construction of one of the flying wings to be used with the upper unit However, in lieu of this construction of wing, each wing may consist of laminated layers 75, see Figure 9, or each wing may consist of laminated layers 76, see Figure 10, these layers -being arranged and connected with the Acarrier-member in, a manner, sub-v stantially as illustrated' in said Figures 9 and 10.

The manner of operating the flying machine, so as to cause it to be propelled inthe various directions is shown diagrammatically in Figures 12, 13 and 14, and having been described in the foregoing description. and being fully understood from an inspection of Figure 2 of the drawings, any further description of the same is, therefore, deemed unnecessary.

It will be understood, that when the' engine or engines have been set in operatlon, the arms or carrier-members 18, with thelr blades 19 w1ll rotate rapldly, so

as to lcause the flying machine to rise. At

the same time, owing to the rotary speed of force, the .extensions 3, with the engines or motors 4, and blades 26, will also rotate, but at' a slower speed, thus serving as an auxiliary rotor to the rotor composed of the elements `18 andl). Of course'I am fully aware that changes may be made in thegeneral ai rangements and combinations of the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the said parts, without departing from the'scope of the present invention as set forth in the foregoing specification, and as defined in the clausesfof the claims which are appended thereto.' Hence, I do not'limit my present invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the several devices and parts as described in the. said specification, nor do I confine myself tothe exact details of the construction of the said parts, as illustrated in the' accompanying drawings.

I claim 1. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper unitgjand a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying elements, each element being pro- 'videdwith an extension, a blade/ carried by .comprising an upper unit and a lower unit,

said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying elements, each' element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a vertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said carrierelement, carrier-arms connected with and extendingT laterally from said shaft, a flying blade mounted upon each carrier-arm, and motor-driven mechanism-f for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upper and lower units for flexibly suspending the lower unitfrom said upper unit,

and means extending in a downward direction from said upper-1 unit to a point within the lower unit for shifting the axis of rota'- tion of said vertically disposed shaft.

3. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-,work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon saidlcarrier-element, a vertically l disposed shaft rotatably mounted .upon said bearing-element, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said sliaft, a flying blade mounted upon each arm, and motor-driven means for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upper-and lower units for, flexibly suspending the lower unit from said upper unit, and means connected with-and extending dow' l wardly from said bearing-element to a pointinv within the lower unit for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically dispoced shaft. 4. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper anda lower unit, said upper unit comprising av frame-work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a Acarrier-element mounted upon. said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearingelement upon said carrier-element, a vertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said bearing-element, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said shaft, a flying blade mounted upon each arm, and motor-driven means for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upper and lower units ,for flexibly suspending the lower unit from'said upper unit, and means for shifting the axis of rotation of Vsaid vertically disposed shaft,

consisting of a control-bar, means at one end of said bar for attaching the same to saidbearing-element, and a grasping member at the other end of said bar.

A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided with an extensioma blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearingelement upon said carrier-element, a stem connected with and extending in an upward direction from said bearingelement, a tubular shaft surrounding said stem and having a rotatable relation with respect to said stem, carrier-arms connected 'with and .extending laterally from said shaft, a flying-blade mounted upon each arm, motor-driven mechanism for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upperand lower units for flexibly suspendingthe lower unit from said upper unit, and means connectcd with and extending ldownwardly from -said bearing element to a point within the lower unit for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft.

6. A flying machine of the helicopter type 'comprising an upper anda lower unit, said upper unitlcomprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being-provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearingelement upon said carrier-elementa stem connected with and extending in an upward direction fromvsaid hearing-element, a tui bular shaft surrounding said stem and having a .rotatable relation with respect to said stem,fcarrierarms connected with and extepding laterally from said shaft, a flyingblade mounted upon each arm, motor-driven mechanism for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upper and lower units'for flexibly suspending the lower unit from said upper unit, and means for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft, consisting of a control-bar, means Aat one end of said bar for' blade mounted upon each carrier-arm, and

motor-driven mechanism for rotatingsaid shaft, and means extending in a downward direction from said upper unit to a point within the lower unit,for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft, combined with an engine or motor-controlling mechanism connected with and co-operatin withsaid axis-shifting means for controlling the action of themotors.

8. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper unit and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, ablade carried by each eXtenSi0I.1, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work` avertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said carrierelement, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said shaft, a liying blade mounted upon each carrier-arm, and vmotor-driven mechanism for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection between said upper and lower units for Hexibly suspending the lower unit from said upper unit, and means extending in a downward direction from said upper unit to a point within the lower unit for shiftingthe shaft, combined with an engine or motorcontrolling mechanism connected with and co-operating with said axis-shifting means for controlling the action of the motors.

9. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a Jframe-work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mountedupon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon `said carrier-element, a vertically Y disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said bearing-element, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from` said shaft, a flying blade mounted upon each arm, and

4motor-driven means for rotating said shaft,

a means of flexible connection between said upper and lower units for flexibly suspending the lower unit from said upper unit, and means connected with and-extending downwardly 'from said bearing-element to a point within the-lower unit for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed. shaft, combined with an engine or motor-controling mechanism connected withv and co-operatigiwith said axis-shifting means for controlling the action of the motors.

Of, A flying machine of the helicopter pe'f"comprisingl aniupper and a lower unit,

iiper .unitcomprising a frame-work rovidef fwith i laterally extending motor- 'arr'ying' elements, each element bein proaxis of rotation of said vertically disposed.

Aelement to a .for shifting t e axis of rotation of said'110 sov to said bearing-element, and a grasping member at the other end of said bar, combined with an engine or motor-controlling mechanism connected with and co-operating with said axis-shifting means for controllling the action of the motors 11. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a llower unit, said upper unit comprising a. frame-Work provided with laterally extending 'motorcarrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon said carrier-element, a stem connected with and extending in an upward direction from said bearing-element, a tubular shaft surrounding said stem and having a rotatable relation with respect r to said stem, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said shaft', a flying-blade mounted upon each arm, m'otor-driven mechanism for .rotating said shaft, a means of flexiblie connection between'said upper and lower units for iiexibly suspending the lower unit from said upper unit, and means connect-ed with and extending. downwardly from said bearing oint within the lower unit vertically disposed shaft, combined with an engine or motor-controlling mechanism connected with and co-operating with said axisshifting means for controlling the actlon of the motors. 12. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising 'a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying element-s, each element being -pro vided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mountedy upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element. upon said carrier-element; a stern connected with'and extending in an .upward direction from said bearing-element, a tubular shaft surrounding said-stem and havingi a rotatable relation withV respect to said stem,- carrier-arms connected with and. extending lateralll;7 from said 13 shaft, a dying-blade mounted upon each arm, motor-driven mechanism for rotating said shaft, a means of flexible connection bctween said upper and lower units forflexibly suspending the lowernnit from said upper unit, and means for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft, consisting of a control-bar, means at one' end of said lbar for attaching the same to l0 said bearing-element, and a grasping niember at the other end of said bar. combined with an engine or motor-controlli11g mechanism connected with and cra-operating with said axis-shifting means for control- 15 ling the action of the motors.

13. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-,element upon said carrier-element, a vertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said bearing-element, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said shaft, a iiying blade mounted upon each arm, motordriven means for rotating' said shaft, a

.30 socket-member secured to and extending downwardly from -said bearing-element, a ringy rotatably mounted upon said socketmember, cable-receiving eyes extending from said ring, flexible cables attached to said eyes and said lower unit, and means'extending downwardly from said socket-member toa point within the lower unit for shifting the axis of rotation of said shaft. 1 Y 14. A flying machine of the helicopter 4U type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying. elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon said carrier-element, a

I 'vertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon sa-id bearing-element, carrier-arms con- `nected with and extending' laterally from said shaft, a ying blade mounted upon each arm, motor-driven means for; rotating said shaft, a socket-member secured toand extendingdownwardly from said bearingelement, a ring rotatably mounted upon said socket-member, cable-receiving eyes extending from said ring, flexible cables attached @to said e es and said lower unit, and means fpr shifting the axis of rotation of said vernig-banY means' at one end of said bar att ing the same .to said socket-mema'n 'a grasping member at the other A, flying jmaehine lof the helicopter ally'ldispo'sed shaft, consisting of a con-- type comprising. an upper anda lower unit, Said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with laterally extending motorcarrying elements, each element being provided with an extension, a blade carried by each extension, av carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped` bearing-element upon said carrier-element, a

vertically disposed shaft rotatably mounted upon said bearing-element, carrier-arms connected with a'nd extending laterally from s'aid shaft, a flying blade mounted upon each arm, motor-driven `means for rotating said shaft, a socket-member secured to and extending downwardly from said bearing-element, a ring rotatably mounted upon said socket-member, cable-receiving eyes extending from said ring, flexible cables attached'to said eyes and said lower unit, and means for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft, consisting of a controlling bar, means at one end of said bar for attaching the same to said socket-member, and a grasping member at the other end of said bar, combined with an engine vor motor-controlling mechanism connected with and co-operating with said axis-shifting means for controlling the action of the motors.

l6..A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with an extension, a blade carried,

by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon said carrierLelement, a stem connected with and extending in an Aupward direction .from said bearing-ele ment, a tubular shaft encircling said stem and rotatably mounted with relation to said stem, carrier-arms connected with and extending laterally from said shaft, a flying blade mounted upon each arm, niotondriven means for rotating said shaft, a socket-member secured to and extending downwardly from said bearingelement,'a ring rotatably mounted upon said socket-member, cablereceiving eyes extending from said ring, flexible cables attached to said eyes and said lower unit, and means extending downward ly from said socket-member to a point within the lower unit for shifting the axis of rotation of said shaft.

17. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper and a lower unit, said upper unit comprising a frame-work provided with latterly extending motor-carrying elements, each element being provided `.with an extension, a blade carried -by each extension, a carrier-element mounted upon said frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon said carrier-element, a stem connected with and' extendmg 1n an upward d1rect1on from, sald bearing-element,

a tubular shaft encircling said stem and rotatably mounted with relation to said'stem, carrier-arms connected with and-extending.

-laterally from said shaft, a flying blade motor-driven means ,for rotating said s aft," a socketmounted upon each arm 1 said lower-unit, and means for shifting the,

, axis of rotation of saidvertically disposedij shaft, Consisting of a controlling bar, means motor-driven '20. A'flying machine of the helicopter at one end of said bar fr attaching the same to said socket-member, and a grasping member at the other end of said bar.

v 18. A flying machine of thehelicopter 4type comprising an upper and a lower. unit,

said upper unit comprising a, frame-work provided with vlaterally extending motorcarrying elements, each element being provided 4with an extension, a blade carried 'by each extension, .a carrier-element mounted upon saidv frame-work, a hub-shaped bearing-element upon said carrier-element, a stem connected with and extending in an upwarjd direction from said bearing-element, a tubular shaft encircling said stem and rotatably mounted with relationy to said stem, carrierarms connected with and extending laterally' f bearing-element, a ring rotatably mounted 'upon said socket-member; cable-receiving eyes extending from said ring, flexible cables attached to said eyes and said lower unit,

and means for shifting the axis of rotation of said vertically disposed shaft, consistingr of a controlling bar, means at one end of said bar for attaching the sarge to vsaid socketmember, and 'a grasping member at the other end of said bar, combined with an the motors.

engine or motor-controlling mechanism con? lnected with and co-operatmg with said axlsshifting means for controlling the action of y 19. A flying machine of the helicopter type comprising an upper motor-driven ilying unit, and a lower pilot-carrying unit, l.

.comprising a paircof ring-shaped members,

stay-rods connecting said members so. as to provlde a cagefa seat, guy-rodsy connected 'with said sta -rods and said seat, and a means of llexi le connection between one of said ring-shaped 4members and the upper ying unit.

type comprising an upper mo-tor-driven flymg unit, a bearing-member carried by said upper unlt a socket-member connected with tending from said ring, a lower p1lot-carry y ing un1t, vcomprising a pair of ring-'shaped members, stay-rods connecting said members so as to provlde a cage, a seat, guy-rods connected with said stay-rods and said seat, and flexible suspension cables connected with one of said ring-shaped members and with said cable-receiving eyes.

21. In a ll 'ng.machine, in combination` with a `rotatable shaft, a fuel-carrying tank provided with a `central tubular member,I

4'said tubular member encompassing saidA l d shaft,'said tubular member and said shaft being arranged .so as to provide an air-space between them. i

In testimonyv that I claim the invention set forth above'I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of August1923. 

